f ENVIRONMENT = final schwa

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1a – CONTROL GROUP (Whites)

f env, for ‘a’. The f env does not have any of the other vowels, just ‘a’ (n=219).  C-forest diagram below, plus conditional-inference trees, plus results of linear mixed-effects regression model.


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1b – OLDER GROUP = Older Black South African English

f env, for ‘a’. The f env has 131 ‘a’, 10 ‘e’.  C-forest diagram below, plus conditional-inference trees, plus results of linear mixed-effects regression model.

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1a – CORE GROUP OF YOUNG BLACK SPEAKERS

f env, for ‘a’. The f env does 865 ‘a’, 2 ‘e’, 2 ‘I’ and 1 ‘u’.  C-forest diagram below, plus conditional-inference trees, plus results of linear mixed-effects regression model.

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