The ff in the Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics, (10 vols), Pergamon Press, 1994.
- `Linguistic variation’ (10 000 words) vol 9:4900-9.
- `Fanagalo’ (500 words). vol 3:1209.
- `Koines’ (3000 words). vol 4:1864-7.
- `Language Maintenance, Shift, Death’ (4000 words); vol 4:1988-93.
- `Language situation in Namibia’ (300 words); vol 5:2674.
- `Language situation in South Africa’ (750 words). vol 8: 4070-1;
- `Language Loyalty’ (4000 words) Concise Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics, (ed.) B. Spolsky.
The following entries (1 to 15) in R. Mesthrie (ed.) Concise Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 2001.
- `Sociolinguistics: history and overview’. 1-4.
- Sociolinguistic variation. 377-389.
- Code-mixing. 422-423.
- `Koines’, 485-489.
- `Language loyalty’. 492.
- `Language maintenance, shift and death’ 493-498.
- `Language spread’. 498-499.
- `Professional associations’. 840-842.
- `Ayo Bamgbose’. 846-847.
- `John Baugh’. 846-847.
- `Salikoko Mufwene’. 894-895.
- `Bernard Spolsky’. 894-895.
- (with A. Tabouret-Keller) `Identity and Language’. 165-169.
- Entry for `South African Indian English` in Oxford Companion to the English Language. OUP. 1992:954-5. Reprinted in abridged edition of 1996.
- Entry for `Indians (Southern Africa)’. In P, Podder and D. Johnson (eds.) 2005. A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
The following entries (1 to 3) in the Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics, ed. J.K. Brown, (2nd ed.) (14 vols), Pergamon Press, 2005:
- Society and Language: Overview. 472-484.
- South Africa: Language situation. 539-542.
- Fanagalo. 430-431.
- Language. In B. Lal (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2006, 90-94.
- Varieties of English in Africa. In Carol Chapelle (ed.) Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. 2013. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.